Bacteriophages, or phages for short, are the most abundant biological entity in nature. They shape bacterial communities and are a major driving force in bacterial evolution.

In condensed matter systems electron-electron interactions, negligible in everyday metals, can dramatically alter the electronic behavior of the system. Examples of such altered behavior include high-temperature superconductivity and modulation of the electron density.

This thesis described the development of novel scanning tunneling microscopy techniques to investigate strongly correlated electronic states in quantum matter.

This thesis presents insights from our study of various correlated electron systems with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In ordinary metals, electron-electron interactions exist, but get substantially screened due to the sheer number of electrons.

Promotor: T. Schmidt

De Microscopy Unit huisvest, onderhoudt en coördineert vrijwel alle microscopieapparatuur van het IBL. De beschikbare apparatuur varieert van conventionele licht- en fluorescentiemicroscopen tot confocale laser- en elektronenmicroscopen. Er is bovendien apparatuur beschikbaar voor histologie, met inbegrip…

Single-Molecule Microscopy (SMM) techniques constitute a group of powerful imaging tools that enable researchers to study the dynamic behavior of individual molecules.

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful technique used to visualize the inside of cells and to study specific protein complexes. Within this thesis, I describe the use of various cryo-EM techniques to gain insight into the structural changes of the human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, as it…

There are many interpretations of quantum mechanics, and ultimately experiments are needed to verify or falsify these interpretations.

Electron microscopy has become an extremely important techniquein a wide variety of elds.

This thesis revolves around the electronic spectroscopy of molecules in the laboratory and the search for the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs).

Molecular materials have been a subject of interest in fundamental research and applications for decades, and have been studied as bulk crystals, (thin) films and as individual molecules, due to the large variety in their properties. This dissertation explores pentacene crystals near the two-dimensional…

Het doel van deze faciliteit is om het biomedisch onderzoek te versnellen door toegang te bieden tot geavanceerde licht- en elektronenmicroscopie en door het delen van expertise over monstervoorbereiding, beeldvormingsmodaliteiten, gegevensopslag en beeldanalyse.

In surface science there is great effort to move from studying simple, flat model surfaces in vacuum to investigating more complex model catalysts in gas environments (in situ). This thesis gives three examples of such studies using microscopy and spectroscopy.

Promotor: Prof.dr. J.M. van Ruitenbeek, Prof.dr. R.M. Tromp

In this thesis, we describe the latest advances in SQUID-detected Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy (MRFM).

In this thesis, we show how MRFM can usefully contribute to the field of condensed-matter.

In this thesis we investigated the ability of two-photon multifocal microscopy for single-molecule microscopy in live cells and organisms.

Promotor: Prof.dr. C.W.J. Beenakker

In this thesis we use Josephson and noise scanning tunneling microscopy for the study of conventional, unconventional (iron-based) and disordered superconductors. On the one hand, Josephson scanning tunneling microscopy allows us to directly visualize the superfluid density with high spatial resolut…

The dissertation describes TEM experiments on heterogeneous catalysts.

Atoms and molecules are the basic units of matter. If we keep dividing a bar of gold or a glass of water into smaller parts, at the end we are left with a single gold atom or a water molecule.

Promotores: Prof.dr. H.P. Spaink & Prof.dr. P.C.W. Hogendoorn Co-promotor: Dr. M.J.M. Schaaf

Promotor: T.H. Oosterkamp

Promotores: Prof.dr. C.U. Keller, Prof.dr. H.C. Gerritsen

n this PhD thesis, the recombination of different atomic lattices in stacked 2D materials such as twisted bilayer graphene is studied. Using the different possibilities of Low-Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM), the domain forming between the two atomic layers with small differences is studied.

Promotor: B. van de Water

Promotor: B. van de Water

Bacterial chemosensory arrays are protein assemblies that are the key structural and functional component for motile bacteria to sense their internal or environmental chemical signals.

Promotor: J.P. Abrahams, Co-promotor: T. Grüne

In this thesis the combinatorial use of bioorthogonal labelling and Electron Microscopy (EM)-based imaging techniques is explored to enable observations of specific molecular targets in their ultrastructural context within the cell.

From surface science towards industrial practice using high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy.

Materials with strongly correlated electrons show some of the most mysterious and exotic phases of quantum matter, such as unconventional superconductivity, quantum criticality and strange metal phase.

I will give a general introduction to the field of molecular electronics, its history, methods and challenges. I will also introduce the subject of my investigation and provide a brief outlook to the remainder of our thesis.

In this thesis, the focus lies on studying glucocorticoid receptor dynamics in living cells with the aim of understanding how this transcription factor finds its DNA target sites to regulate transcription.

Bacteria have the ability to alter their morphology in order to adapt to changing environments.

In this thesis, bioorthogonal chemistry is combined with correlative light-electron microscopy to selectively label and study pathogenic intracellular bacteria within the host immune cell.

The majority (80%) of e-waste generated globally are recycled informally in developing countries.

Promotor: Prof.dr. J.P. Abrahams, Prof.dr. M. van Heel

This doctoral thesis is an effort to understand how lipid phase-separation induced by diacylglycerol analogues in lipid-based nanoparticles affects their in vivo behavior, leading to specific nanoparticle-protein communications and selective cell targeting.

The research in this thesis is focused on tomographic reconstruction based on two imaging modalities in electron microscopy.

Promotor: Prof.dr. J.W.M. Frenken

This thesis focuses on using liposomes in two different treatment strategies; vaccination (or immunotherapy) and delivery of a small molecule, and in two different disease models; cancer and atherosclerosis.

There is an urgent need for more physiologically relevant cell culture methods to guide compound selection in pre-clinical stages of the drug development pipeline.

De Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde 2017 is uitgereikt aan Jacques Dubochet, Richard Henderson en Joachim Frank, voor hun ontwikkeling van de cryo-elektronenmicroscopie. Met deze techniek kunnen biomoleculen in 3D in beeld gebracht worden, legt hoogleraar Ultrastructuurbiologie Ariane Briegel uit.